ISO27001 Compliance Report Controls and Objectives
ISO 27001 Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Standard is an internationally adopted standard that is designed to define the correct management of data.
ISO 27001 Annex A lists the controls and objectives that exist to increase, develop, and manage the security of data. It contains definitions of the risks to systems, and the rules that help control the continuous evaluation of system activity. Annex A describes the actions necessary for ensuring security in IT systems. It also deals with important aspects of data security, such as physical security, legal protection, management of human resources and organizational issues.
Netsparker reports the vulnerabilities it finds in the ISO 27001 compliance report, alongside the HIPAA and PCI reports. Vulnerabilities are classified using the controls found in Annex A, allowing users to conduct a vulnerability risk management analysis. This report carries out preliminary checks for the information security grading of the institutions, and provides best practices. However, the report does not replace an official one and cannot be used as an ISO 27001 Compliance report. The Annex A Controls and Objectives can be further analyzed below.
A.5 Information Security Policies
A.5.1 Management Direction for Information Security
Objective: To provide management direction and support for information security in accordance with business requirements and relevant laws and regulations.
A.5.1.1 Policies for Information Security
Control
A set of policies for information security shall be defined, approved by management, published and communicated to employees and relevant external parties.
A.5.1.2 Review of The Policies for Information Security
Control
The policies for information security shall be reviewed at planned intervals or if significant changes occur to ensure their continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness.
A.6 Organization of Information Security
A.6.1 Internal Organization
Objective: To establish a management framework to initiate and control the implementation and operation of information security within the organization.
A.6.1.1 Information Security Roles and Responsibilities
Control
All information security responsibilities shall be defined and allocated.
A.6.1.2 Segregation of Duties
Control
Conflicting duties and areas of responsibility shall be segregated to reduce opportunities for unauthorized or unintentional modification or misuse of the organization’s assets.
A.6.1.3 Contact with Authorities
Control
Appropriate contacts with relevant authorities shall be maintained.
A.6.1.4 Contact with Special Interest Groups
Control
Appropriate contacts with special interest groups or other specialist security forums and professional associations shall be maintained.
A.6.1.5 Information Security in Project Management
Control
Information security shall be addressed in project management, regardless of the type of the project.
A.6.2 Mobile Devices and Teleworking
Objective: To ensure the security of teleworking and use of mobile devices.
A.6.2.1 Mobile Device Policy
Control
A policy and supporting security measures shall be adopted to manage the risks introduced by using mobile devices.
A.6.2.2 Teleworking
Control
A policy and supporting security measures shall be implemented to protect information accessed, processed or stored at teleworking sites.
A.7 Human Resource Security
A.7.1 Prior to Employment
Objective: To ensure that employees and contractors understand their responsibilities and are suitable for the roles for which they are considered.
A.7.1.1 Screening
Control
Background verification checks on all candidates for employment shall be carried out in accordance with relevant laws, regulations and ethics and shall be proportional to the business requirements, the classification of the information to be accessed and the perceived risks.
A.7.1.2 Terms and Conditions of Employment
Control
The contractual agreements with employees and contractors shall state their and the organization’s responsibilities for information security.
A.7.2 During Employment
Objective: To ensure that employees and contractors are aware of and fulfil their information security responsibilities.
A.7.2.1 Management Responsibilities
Control
Management shall require all employees and contractors to apply information security in accordance with the established policies and procedures of the organization.
A.7.2.2 Information Security Awareness, Education and Training
Control
All employees of the organization and, where relevant, contractors shall receive appropriate awareness education and training and regular updates in organizational policies and procedures, as relevant for their job function
A.7.2.3 Disciplinary Process
Control
There shall be a formal and communicated disciplinary process in place to take action against employees who have committed an information security breach.
A.7.3 Termination and Change of Employment
Objective: To protect the organization’s interests as part of the process of changing or terminating employment.
A.7.3.1 Termination or Change of Employment Responsibilities
Control
Information security responsibilities and duties that remain valid after termination or change of employment shall be defined, communicated to the employee or contractor and enforced.
A.8 Asset Management
A.8.1 Responsibility for Assets
Objective: To identify organizational assets and define appropriate protection responsibilities
A.8.1.1 Inventory of Assets
Control
Assets associated with information and information processing facilities shall be identified and an inventory of these assets shall be drawn up and maintained.
A.8.1.2 Ownership of Assets
Control
Assets maintained in the inventory shall be owned.
A.8.1.3 Acceptable Use of Assets
Control
Rules for the acceptable use of information and of assets associated with information and information processing facilities shall be identified, documented and implemented.
A.8.1.4 Return of Assets
Control
All employees and external party users shall return all of the organizational assets in their possession upon termination of their employment, contract or agreement.
A.8.2. Information Classification
Objective: To ensure that information receives an appropriate level of protection in accordance with its importance to the organization.
A.8.2.1 Classification of Information
Control
Information shall be classified in terms of legal requirements, value, criticality and sensitivity to unauthorised disclosure or modification.
A.8.2.2 Labelıng of Information
Control
An appropriate set of procedures for information labelling shall be developed and implemented in accordance with the information classification scheme adopted by the organization.
A.8.2.3 Handling of Assets
Control
Procedures for handling assets shall be developed and implemented in accordance with the information classification scheme adopted by the organization.
A.8.3 Media Handling
Objective: To prevent unauthorized disclosure, modification, removal or destruction of information stored on media.
A.8.3.1 Management of Removable Media
Control
Procedures shall be implemented for the management of removable media in accordance with the classification scheme adopted by the organization.
A.8.3.2 Disposal of Media
Control
Media shall be disposed of securely when no longer required, using formal procedures.
A.8.3.3 Physical Media Transfer
Control
Media containing information shall be protected against unauthorized access, misuse or corruption during transportation.
A.9 Access Control
A.9.1 Business Requirements of Access Control
Objective: To limit access to information and information processing facilities.
A.9.1.1 Access Control Policy
Control
An access control policy shall be established, documented and reviewed based on business and information security requirements.
A.9.1.2 Access to Networks and Network Services
Control
Users shall only be provided with access to the network and network services that they have been specifically authorized to use.
A.9.2 User Access Management
Objective: To ensure authorized user access and to prevent unauthorized access to systems and services.
A.9.2.1 User Registration and De-registration
Control
A formal user registration and de-registration process shall be implemented to enable assignment of access rights.
A.9.2.2 User Access Provisioning
Control
A formal user access provisioning process shall be implemented to assign or revoke access rights for all user types to all systems and services.
A.9.2.3 Management of Privileged Access Rights
Control
The allocation and use of privileged access rights shall be restricted and controlled.
A.9.2.4 Management of Secret Authentication Information of Users
Control
The allocation of secret authentication information shall be controlled through a formal management process.
A.9.2.5 Review of User Access
Control
Asset owners shall review users’ access rights at regular intervals.
A.9.2.6 Removal or Adjustment of Access Rights
Control
The access rights of all employees and external party users to information and information processing facilities shall be removed upon termination of their employment, contract or agreement, or adjusted upon change.
A.9.3 User Responsibilities
Objective: To make users accountable for safeguarding their authentication information.
A.9.3.1 Use of Secret Authentication Information
Control
Users shall be required to follow the organization’s practices in the use of secret authentication information.
A.9.4 System and Application Access Control
Objective: To prevent unauthorized access to systems and applications.
A.9.4.1 Information Access Restriction
Control
Access to information and application system functions shall be restricted in accordance with the access control policy
A.9.4.2 Secure Log-on Procedures
Control
Where required by the access control policy, access to systems and applications shall be controlled by a secure log-on procedure.
A.9.4.3 Password Management System
Control
Password management systems shall be interactive and shall ensure quality passwords.
A.9.4.4 Use of Privileged Utility Programs
Control
The use of utility programs that might be capable of overriding system and application controls shall be restricted and tightly controlled.
A.9.4.5 Access Control to Program Source Code
Control
Access to program source code shall be restricted.
A.10 Cryptography
A.10.1 Cryptography Controls
Objective: To ensure proper and effective use of cryptography to protect the confidentiality, authenticity and/or integrity of information.
A.10.1.1 Policy on the Use of Cryptographic Controls
Control
A policy on the use of cryptographic controls for protection of information shall be developed and implemented.
A.10.1.2 Key Management
Control
A policy on the use, protection and lifetime of cryptographic keys shall be developed and implemented through their whole lifecycle.
A.11 Physical and Environmental Security
A.11.1 Secure Areas
Objective: To prevent unauthorized physical access, damage and interference to the organization information and information processing facilities.
A.11.1.1 Pysical Security Perimeter
Control
Security perimeters shall be defined and used to protect areas that contain either sensitive or critical information and information processing facilities.
A.11.1.2 Pysical Entry Controls
Control
Secure areas shall be protected by appropriate entry controls to ensure that only authorized personnel are allowed access.
A.11.1.3 Securing Offices, Rooms and Facilities
Control
Physical security for offices, rooms and facilities shall be designed and applied.
A.11.1.4 Protecting Against External and Environmental Threats
Control
Physical protection against natural disasters, malicious attack or accidents shall be designed and applied.
A.11.1.5 Working in Secure Areas
Control
Procedures for working in secure areas shall be designed and applied.
A.11.1.6 Delivery and Loading Areas
Control
Access points such as delivery and loading areas and other points where unauthorized persons could enter the premises shall be controlled and, if possible, isolated from information processing facilities to avoid unauthorized access.
A.11.2 Equipment
Objective: To prevent loss, damage, theft or compromise of assets and interruption to the organization’s operations.
A.11.2.1 Equipment Siting and Protection
Control
Equipment shall be sited and protected to reduce the risks from environmental threats and hazards, and opportunities for unauthorized access.
A.11.2.2 Supporting Utilities
Control
Equipment shall be protected from power failures and other disruptions caused by failures in supporting utilities.
A.11.2.3 Cabling Security
Control
Power and telecommunications cabling carrying data or supporting information services shall be protected from interception, interference or damage.
A.11.2.4 Equipment Maintenance
Control
Equipment shall be correctly maintained to ensure its continued availability and integrity.
A.11.2.5 Removal of Assets
Control
Equipment, information or software shall not be taken off-site without prior authorization.
A.11.2.6 Security of Equipment and Assets Off-Premises
Control
Security shall be applied to off-site assets taking into account the different risks of working outside the organization’s premises.
A.11.2.7 Secure Disposal or Reuse of Equipment
Control
All items of equipment containing storage media shall be verified to ensure that any sensitive data and licensed software has been removed or securely overwritten prior to disposal or re-use.
A.11.2.8 Unattended User Equipment
Control
Users shall ensure that unattended equipment has appropriate protection.
A.11.2.9 Clear Desk and Clear Screen Policy
Control
A clear desk policy for papers and removable storage media and a clear screen policy for information processing facilities shall be adopted.
A.12 Operations Security
A.12.1 Operational Procedures and Responsibilities
Objective: To ensure correct and secure operations of information processing facilities.
A.12.1.1 Documented Operating Procedures
Control
Operating procedures shall be documented and made available to all users who need them.
A.12.1.2 Change Management
Control
Changes to the organization, business processes, information processing facilities and systems that affect information security shall be controlled.
A.12.1.3 Capacity Management
Control
The use of resources shall be monitored, tuned and projections made of future capacity requirements to ensure the required system performance.
A.12.1.4 Separation of Development, Testing and Operational Environments
Control
Development, testing, and operational environments shall be separated to reduce the risks of unauthorized access or changes to the operational environment.
A.12.2 Protection From Malware
Objective: To ensure that information and information processing facilities are protected against malware.
A.12.2.1 Controls Against Malware
Control
Detection, prevention and recovery controls to protect against malware shall be implemented, combined with appropriate user awareness.
A.12.3 Backup
Objective: To protect against loss of data.
A.12.3.1 Information Backup
Control
Backup copies of information, software and system images shall be taken and tested regularly in accordance with an agreed backup policy
A.12.4 Logging and Monitoring
Objective: To record events and generate evidence.
A.12.4.1 Event Logging
Control
Event logs recording user activities, exceptions, faults and information security events shall be produced, kept and regularly reviewed.
A.12.4.2 Protection of Log Information
Control
Logging facilities and log information shall be protected against tampering and unauthorized access.
A.12.4.3 Administrator and Operator Logs
Control
System administrator and system operator activities shall be logged and the logs protected and regularly reviewed.
A.12.4.4 Clock Synchronisation
Control
The clocks of all relevant information processing systems within an organization or security domain shall be synchronised to a single reference time source.
A.12.5 Control of Operational Software
Objective: To ensure the integrity of operational systems.
A.12.5.1 Installation of Software on Operational Systems
Control
Procedures shall be implemented to control the installation of software on operational systems.
A.12.6 Technical Vulnerability Management
Objective: To prevent exploitation of technical vulnerabilities.
A.12.6.1 Management of Technical Vulnerabilities
Control
Information about technical vulnerabilities of information systems being used shall be obtained in a timely fashion, the organization’s exposure to such vulnerabilities evaluated and appropriate measures taken to address the associated risk.
A.12.6.2 Restrictions on Software Installation
Control
Rules governing the installation of software by users shall be established and implemented.
A.12.7 Information Systems Audit Considerations
Objective: To minimise the impact of audit activities on operational systems.
A.12.7.1 Information Systems Audit Controls
Control
Audit requirements and activities involving verification of operational systems shall be carefully planned and agreed to minimise disruptions to business processes.
A.13 Communications Security
A.13.1 Network Security Management
Objective: To ensure the protection of information in networks and its supporting information processing facilities.
A.13.1.1 Network Controls
Control
Networks shall be managed and controlled to protect information in systems and applications
A.13.1.2 Security of Network Services
Control
Security mechanisms, service levels and management requirements of all network services shall be identified and included in network services agreements, whether these services are provided in-house or outsourced.
A.13.1.3 Segregation in Networks
Control
Groups of information services, users and information systems shall be segregated on networks.
A.13.2 Information Transfer
Objective: To maintain the security of information transferred within an organization and with any external entity.
A.13.2.1 Information Transfer Policies and Procedures
Control
Formal transfer policies, procedures and controls shall be in place to protect the transfer of information through the use of all types of communication facilities.
A.13.2.2 Agreements on Information Transfer
Control
Agreements shall address the secure transfer of business information between the organization and external parties.
A.13.2.3 Electronic Messaging
Control
Information involved in electronic messaging shall be appropriately protected.
A.13.2.4 Confidentiality or Non-disclosure Agreements
Control
Requirements for confidentiality or non-disclosure agreements reflecting the organization’s needs for the protection of information shall be identified, regularly reviewed and documented.
A.14 System Acquisition, Development and Maintenance
A.14.1 Security Requirements of Information Systems
Objective: To ensure that information security is an integral part of information systems across the entire lifecycle. This also includes the requirements for information systems which provide services over public networks.
A.14.1.1 Information Security Requirements Analysis and Specification
Control
The information security related requirements shall be included in the requirements for new information systems or enhancements to existing information systems.
A.14.1.2 Securing Application Services on Public Networks
Control
Information involved in application services passing over public networks shall be protected from fraudulent activity, contract dispute and unauthorized disclosure and modification.
A.14.1.3 Protecting Application Services Transactions
Control
Information involved in application service transactions shall be protected to prevent incomplete transmission, mis-routing, unauthorized message alteration, unauthorized disclosure, unauthorized message duplication or replay.
A.14.2 Security in Development and Support Processes
Objective: To ensure that information security is designed and implemented within the development lifecycle of information systems.
A.14.2.1 Secure Development Policy
Control
Rules for the development of software and systems shall be established and applied to developments within the organization.
A.14.2.2 System Change Control Procedures
Control
Changes to systems within the development lifecycle shall be controlled by the use of formal change control procedures.
A.14.2.3 Technical Review of Applications After Operating Platform Changes
Control
When operating platforms are changed, business critical applications shall be reviewed and tested to ensure there is no adverse impact on organizational operations or security
A.14.2.4 Restrictions on Changes to Software Packages
Control
Modifications to software packages shall be discouraged, limited to necessary changes and all changes shall be strictly controlled.
A.14.2.5 Secure System Engineering Principles
Control
Principles for engineering secure systems shall be established, documented, maintained and applied to any information system implementation efforts.
A.14.2.6 Secure Development Environment
Control
Organizations shall establish and appropriately protect secure development environments for system development and integration efforts that cover the entire system development lifecycle.
A.14.2.7 Outsourced Development
Control
The organization shall supervise and monitor the activity of outsourced system development.
A.14.2.8 System Security Testing
Control
Testing of security functionality shall be carried out during development.
A.14.2.9 System Acceptance Testing
Control
Acceptance testing programs and related criteria shall be established for new information systems, upgrades and new versions.
A.14.3 Test Data
Objective: To ensure the protection of data used for testing
A.14.3.1 Protection of Test Data
Control
Test data shall be selected carefully, protected and controlled.
A.15 Supplier Relationships
A.15.1 Information Security in Supplier Relationships
Objective: To ensure protection of the organization’s assets that is accessible by suppliers.
A.15.1.1 Information Security Policy for Supplier Relationships
Control
Information security requirements for mitigating the risks associated with supplier’s access to the organization’s assets shall be agreed with the supplier and documented.
A.15.1.2 Addressing Security Within Supplier Agreements
Control
All relevant information security requirements shall be established and agreed with each supplier that may access, process, store, communicate, or provide IT infrastructure components for, the organization’s information.
A.15.1.3 Information and Communication Technology Supply Chain
Control
Agreements with suppliers shall include requirements to address the information security risks associated with information and communications technology services and product supply chain.
A.15.2 Supplier Service Delivery Management
Objective: To maintain an agreed level of information security and service delivery in line with supplier agreements.
A.15.2.1 Monitoring and Review of Supplier Services
Control
Organizations shall regularly monitor, review and audit supplier service delivery.
A.15.2.2 Managing Changes to Supplier Services
Control
Changes to the provision of services by suppliers, including maintaining and improving existing information security policies, procedures and controls, shall be managed, taking account of the criticality of business information, systems and processes involved and re-assessment of risks.
A.16 Information Security Incident Management
A.16.1 Management of Information Security Incidents and Improvements
Objective: To ensure a consistent and effective approach to the management of information security incidents, including communication on security events and weaknesses.
A.16.1.1 Responsibilities and Procedures
Control
Management responsibilities and procedures shall be established to ensure a quick, effective and orderly response to information security incidents.
A.16.1.2 Reporting Information Security Events
Control
Information security events shall be reported through appropriate management channels as quickly as possible.
A.16.1.3 Reporting Information Weaknesses
Control
Employees and contractors using the organization’s information systems and services shall be required to note and report any observed or suspected information security weaknesses in systems or services.
A.16.1.4 Assessment of and Decision on Information Security Events
Control
Information security events shall be assessed and it shall be decided if they are to be classified as information security incidents.
A.16.1.5 Response to Information Security Incidents
Control
Information security incidents shall be responded to in accordance with the documented procedures.
A.16.1.6 Learning from Information Security Incidents
Control
Knowledge gained from analysing and resolving information security incidents shall be used to reduce the likelihood or impact of future incidents.
A.16.1.7 Responsibilities and Procedures
Control
The organization shall define and apply procedures for the identification, collection, acquisition and preservation of information, which can serve as evidence.
A.17 Information Security Aspects of Business Continuity Management
A.17.1 Information Security Continuity
Objective: Information security continuity shall be embedded in the organization’s business continuity management systems.
A.17.1.1 Planning Information Security Continuity
Control
The organization shall determine its requirements for information security and the continuity of information security management in adverse situations, e.g. during a crisis or disaster.
A.17.1.2 Implementing Information Security Continuity
Control
The organization shall establish, document, implement and maintain processes, procedures and controls to ensure the required level of continuity for information security during an adverse situation.
A.17.1.3 Availability of Information Processing Facilities
Control
The organization shall verify the established and implemented information security continuity controls at regular intervals in order to ensure that they are valid and effective during adverse situations.
A.17.2 Redundancies
Objective: To ensure availability of information processing facilities.
A.17.2.1 Availability of Information Processing Facilities
Control
Information processing facilities shall be implemented with redundancy sufficient to meet availability requirements.
A.18 Compliance
A.18.1 Complance with Legal and Contractual Requirements
Objective: To avoid breaches of legal, statutory, regulatory or contractual obligations related to information security and of any security requirements.
A.18.1.1 Identification of Applicable Legislation and Contractual Requirements
Control
All relevant legislative statutory, regulatory, contractual requirements and the organization’s approach to meet these requirements shall be explicitly identified, documented and kept up to date for each information system and the organization.
A.18.1.2 Intellectual Property Rights
Control
Appropriate procedures shall be implemented to ensure compliance with legislative, regulatory and contractual requirements related to intellectual property rights and use of proprietary software products.
A.18.1.3 Protection of Records
Control
Records shall be protected from loss, destruction, falsification, unauthorized access and unauthorized release, in accordance with legislatory, regulatory, contractual and business requirements.
A.18.1.4 Privacy and Protection of Personally Identifiable Information
Control
Privacy and protection of personally identifiable information shall be ensured as required in relevant legislation and regulation where applicable.
A.18.1.5 Regulation of Cryptographic Controls
Control
Cryptographic controls shall be used in compliance with all relevant agreements, legislation and regulations.
A.18.2 Information Security Reviews
Objective: To ensure that information security is implemented and operated in accordance with the organizational policies and procedures.
A.18.2.1 Independent Review of Information Security
Control
The organization’s approach to managing information security and its implementation (i.e. control objectives, controls, policies, processes and procedures for information security) shall be reviewed independently at planned intervals or when significant changes occur.
A.18.2.2 Compliance with Security Policies and Standards
Control
Managers shall regularly review the compliance of information processing and procedures within their area of responsibility with the appropriate security policies, standards and any other security requirements.
A.18.2.3 Technical Compliance Review
Control
Information systems shall be regularly reviewed for compliance with the organization’s information security policies and standards.